Furnace wall



March 28, 1933.

O. NYGAARD FURNAGE WALL Filed Feb. s, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENT OR O.NYGAARD 'Mmh 2s, 1933.

FURNACE WALL Filed Feb. 3, 195o 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Y MAW una March 28,1933. Q NYGAARD 1,903,062

FUHNACE WALL Filed Feb. 5, 1930v 4 Sheets-Sheetv 5 IN VENT 0R BY 11 mio. NYGAARD March 28, 1933.

FURNACE WALL File-d Feb. 3, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VENT 0R PatentedMar. 28, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT FFl FURNACE WALL Application filedFebruary This invention relates to furnace walls and more especially tothat type of wall in which a structural steel frame is used insupporting the refractory elements of the wall.

In very recent years walls of this type have gone into use to a verysubstantial eX- tent, and they have well recognized advantages over thepurely masonry type of wall in the larger installations, especiallythose of the air cooled type.

` The present invention aims to improve the construction of walls ofthis character with a view to reducing the weight of the steel requiredand providing a more economical structure, while still obtaining all theadvantages of prior walls of this type.

The nature of the invention will be readily understood from thefollowing description when read in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

In the drawings,

Figure l is a perspective view, partly in cross-section, illustrating awall embodying features of this invention;

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of a portion of a wall like that shown inFig. l;

Fig. 3 isa vertical sectional view approximately on the line 3 3, Fig.2; and

Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are sectional views approximately on the lines 4 4, 5 5and 6 6, respectively, Fig. 2.

Referring more especially to Figs.

i and 3, the construction there shown comprises an inner or front wallsection A and an outer or rear wall section B, the face of the frontsection A being exposed to the tire and forming a wall of the combustionchamber.

These sections are separated from each other by an air space C.

In the rear section B is a structural steel frame which includes uprightposts 2, shown as consisting of I-beams, and horizontal beams 3,preferably of channel section and riveted to the upright members 2.rlhis rear section also includes a brick wall 4 which is supported onthe horizontal beams 8, and a rear sheet metal shell 5 immediatelybehind the brick wall 4, the shell being bolted to the s, 1930. serialN01 425,448.`

frame. Usually a layer 6, Fig. l, of asbestos millboard, or otherinsulating material, is interposed between the shell 5 and the rearbrick wall 4.

The rear section of the wall is designed to be permanent and should notrequire repairs for a long period of time. The lining or front wallsection, however, is subjected to the disintegrating action of the iiameand high temperature gases in the furnace and therefore deteriorates farmore rapidly than the rear wall section. Due to these facts it isexpected that the front or lining section of the wall will requirerenewal or repairs from time to time, and the wall is constructed tofacilitate these operations.

In order to support the refractoryV blocks or bricks which make up thegreater part of the front section of the wall, a series of supports orhangers 8 are mounted on the structural steel frame in the rear sectionof the wall. It will be seen from an inspection of Figs. l and 3 thateach of these hangers includes a hook-shaped upper end a to engage theflange of one of the channel beams 3, and also includes an inclinedportion Z2 extending downwardly and forwardly from the part a as well asa substantiall i upright main section c and an inclined lower endsection CZ extending from the lower end of the main section c andresting against the rear wall section. The main sections c of the hangerlie chiefly or entirely in the front section a of the wall, while theupper and lower end sections b and Z extend across the air space C fbetween the front and rear sections A and B. These hangers are of suchshape and dimensions as to give them great strength and rigidity,

Considering any two adjacent hangers mounted in horizontal alinementwith each other as forming a pair, it will be observed that the lowerend portions of the members of each pair are connected by a bar 9preferably provided with stiii'ening ribs 10 and l1 projecting from theupper and lower faces, respectively, thereof. The opposite ends of thisbar rest on flanges or steps e forming integral parts of the hangers 8,and each bar is provided at one end with a hole to receive aV bolt 12,Fig. 6, and at its opposite end with a slot 13 to receive another bolt,both bolts extending through the steps or flanges c of their respectivehangers and being secured by a Cotter pin, or the like, against removal.Above the bar 9 and connecting the members of each adjacent pair ofhangers are three bars 15, 1G and 17, the opposite ends of each of thelatter bars resting loosely in sockets formed in the hangers, as clearlyshown in the drawings. It will be observed that this arrangement permitsthe expansion and contraction of the horizontal bars 9, 15, 16 and 17relatively to the hangers, and the mount'- ing of the hangers on theframe in the rear wall section permits the expansion and contraction ofthese members relatively to the frame as well as to the brick section ofthe rear wall.

These horizontal bars hold the refractory bricks or blocks of the frontwall section or lining in their properly alined positions in the wall.These blocks or bricks are made of some highly refractory material suchas fire clay, silicon carbide or other compositions, and each brick hasa groove extending across the upper surface thereof near its rear edgeand a similar groove parallel to it in its lower surface. rlhis isclearly shown in Fig. 3. In laying up this wall the facing preferably isarranged in panels, each panel being held in position by one set ofhorizontal bars. In Fig. 1 one such panel is shown at the left of thevertical packing joint or expansion joint 18 and above the horizontaljoint 19. The lowermost course of blocks 2O in any individual panel islaid first, these blocks resting on the plate or bar 9, and the uprightrib 10 of this bar entering the grooves in the lower edges of the blocksor bricks. The bar 15 next is placed in position with the downwardlyextending flange of this bar entered in the grooves in the upper edgesof the blocks 20. This bar cooperates with the bar 9 in holding thebricks in their properly alined positions in the facing in the wall,while the bar 9 takes the weight of the bricks. The next adjacent course21 of bricks is then laid on the bricks 20 and the bar 16 is placed inposition. this bar cooperating with the bar 15 in the same manner thatthe latter cooperates with the bar 9. These operations then are repeatedin laying the third and fourth courses 22 and 23, respectively, with theexception that no bar is provided to engage the upper edges of thebricks in the uppermost course 23. Any brick in this course, therefore,can be disengaged from its respective bar 17 by moving the brickupwardly in a direction parallel to the plane of the wall far enough toclear the flange of the bar and then sliding it forward out of the wall.Any of the other bricks can be removed in the same manner as soon as thebar which engages their upper edges has been removed and the bricks ontop of it have been taken away.

ln order to lock the bricks in the upper course of each panel in theirproper positions in the wall, a course of key bricks 24 is placed on topof the uppermost course 23 in each panel, the key bricks being of such awidth that they leave a narrow space between the upper edge of the panelin which they are located and the panel next above it, as indicated at19 in Figs. 1 and 3. At the upper edge of the wall it may be desirableto pivot a hook such as that shown at 25, Fig. 8, to each of the hangersand to use them to hold a bar in the alined grooves in the upper edgesof the blocks 23.

lt will be observed that in this construction each panel is a unit initself, independent of adjacent panels, and that it is supported solelyby its set of bars and by the pair of hangers on which these bars aremounted. Most of the bricks used in the unit are of the same dimensions,extra wide or special bricks being provided, however, to cause thebricks in adjacent courses to break joints as shown in Fig. 1. hosebricks immediately beside the hangers are cut out to accommodate them asshown in Figs. and 5, a single shape only, however, being required foreither rights or left-s, so that the total number of shapes required ofrefractory bricks is very small.

As above mentioned a horizontal joint 19 is provided between verticallyadjacent panels and a similar space or joint 18 likewise providedbetween horizontally adjacent panels. rhis irovides for the expansionand contraction both vertically and horizontally of any individual panelindependently of its neighbors. Preferably a yielding nacking 26 isplaced in each vertical joint immediately in front of a hanger 8, and asimilar packingl is also used in the joints 19 and in front of theT-bars 15, 1G and 17. Such a packing may, for example, be made of amixture of approximately equal parts of asbestos libre and lire clay. ltserves both to close up the expansion joints and make an ajiproximatelytight wall and also to protect the structural metal members from theheat and gases generated in the combustion chamber. At the ,f-:ame timethe packing vields sufficiently to permit the expansion of the panels.Such packing` may also be used immediately behind the key blocks 24. l

A wall of this construction can bc set up or built rapidly and it hasthe important advantage of roquii g relatively little metal inproportion to the area of the wall surface. The provision made for theexpansion and contraction of the metal parts which support the frontsection or lining of the wall and of the panels or units of this wallalso are important practical aflrz'fnages. ln addition,

vio

the panel construction and the mounting of the bl cks in the panelsfacilitates the making of repairs and avoids any necessity of disturbingany part of the rear wall section for this purpose.

lt should also be noted that the hangers and structural steel membersare so arranged that they offer relatively little obstruction to thefree flow of air through the air space between the front and rearsections ofthe wall. The construction also provides for the convenientinstallation of horizontal baffles if desired. For this purpose brackets28 may be used, as best shown in Figs. 1,3 and 5, each bracket having` aportion to fit on the upright flange of the channel 3 and including aforward edge or lip to rest on tne reduced rearward edge of one of thebars 9. Plates 30, F ig. 5, may be placed on these brackets, the latterhaving lugs 3l to assist in holding the plates in position, and bafflebricks, one of which is shown at 82 in Fig. 3, may then be supported ina horizontal course on the plates. Such baflling may be used at any ofthe horizontal beams 8.

Vertical baling may also be provided in the same way by mountingbrackets 28 one above the other on successive beams 3 and arranging thebaffle bricks in vertical series. Practically any arrangement ofballling desired, therefore, may be conveniently installed.

lt may be desirable to use brackets 33 under the horizontal beams 3 togive them added strength and to reduce the weight of these members thatotherwise would be required to carry the front wall section.

While l have herein shown and described a preferred embodiment of myinvention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied inother forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. A D

Having thus described my invention, what l desire to claim as new is:

l. A furnace wall comprising, in combination, a structural steel frameat the back of the wall, said frame including horizontal beams, aplurality of supports mounted on said beams in a substantially uprightplane, a plurality of horizontal bars mounted on and connecting eachpair of adjacent supports, and a wall. facing including refractorybricks located at the lire side of the wall and held in alinement witheach other by their engagement with said bars.

2. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, a structuralsteel frame in said rear section, a plurality of downwardly extendingsupports mounted ou said frame in substantially horizontal alinementwith each other, a plurality of horizontal bars connecting the membersof each pair of adjacent supports and mounted on them, 'and refractoryblocks in the front section of said wall engaging said bars andheld bythe bars in alinement in said wall at the re side thereof.

3. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, a structuralsteel frame in said rear section, a plurality of downwardly extendingsupports mounted on said frame 1n substantially horizontal aiinementwith each other, a bottom bar connecting each pair of adjacent supportsand mounted on them near their lower ends, additional bars connectingeach pair of adjacent supports and located parallel to said bottom barand spaced from it and from each other, a course of refractory bricksresting on said bottom bar, and additional courses of refractory bricksabove said first mentioned course and held in alinement in said wall bysaid additional bars.

4. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with an airspace between i them, a structural steel frame in said rear section,said frame including horizontal beams, a plurality of supports mountedon said beams, each of said supports including a main portion located insaid front wall section and another portion extending across said airspace and connecting said main porticn with one of said beams,horizontal bars connecting adjacent supports and mounted on them, andrefractory bricks located in said front wall section at the fireside ofthe Wall and held in place by said bars.

5. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with an airspace between them, a structural steel frame in said rear section, saidframe including horizontal beams, a plurality of hangers suspended onsaid beams, a plurality of horizontal bars connecting the members ofeach pair of adjacent hangers and supported on said hangers in definitevertical positions in the wall, and refractory blocks in the frontsection of said wall engaging said bars and held by them in alinement insaid wall. l

6. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with an airspace between them, a structural steel frame in said rear section, saidframe including horizontal beams, a plurality of hangers suspended onsaid beams, a plurality of horizontal bars connecting the members ofeach adjacent pair of hangers and supported by them, the hangers havingsockets in which the ends of said bars are removably positioned, andrefractory blocks located in and forming part of the front section ofsaid wall and held in alinement by their engagement with said bars.

7. A furnace wall having a front wa l scction comprising a plurality ofpanels located closely adjacent to each other and each includaparthorizontally on which the opposite ends of said bars for the respectivepanels are mounted, a rear Wall section, and a structural steel framebehind said front section 'on which said supports are mounted.

8. A furnace wall having a front Wall section comprising a plurality ofpanels located closely adjacent to each other and each including` aplurality of horizontal courses of refractory bricks, a plurality ofhorizontal bars holding said courses of each panel in alinement in saidfront section, supports spaced apart horizontally on which the oppositeends of said bars for the respective panels are mounted, a rear wallsection spaced from said front wall section, and a structural steelframe behind said front section on Which said supports are mounted.

9. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with a spaceseparating them, said front section including a pluraity of panelslocated closely adjacent to each other and each including a plurality ofhorizontal courses of refractory bricks, a plurality of horizontal barsholding said courses of each panel in alinement in said front section,hangers on which the opposite ends of said bars for the respectivepanels are mounted, said hangers having sockets in which the ends of thebars are loosely positioned, and a structural` steel frame in said rearwall section on which said hangers are mounted.

l0. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with a spaceseparating them, said front section including a plurality of panelslocated closely adjacent to each other and each including a horizontalcourse of refractory bricks, horizontal bars for holding said courses ofbricks in alinement in the wall, hangers spaced apart horizontally andon which said bars are mounted, and a structural steel frame in saidrear wall section on which said hangers are suspended.

ll. A furnace wall comprising` front and rear wall sections with a spaceseparating them, said front section including a plurality of panelslocated closely adjacent to each other and each includinga horizontalcourse of refractory bricks, horizontal bars for holding said courses ofbricks in alinement in the wall, supports spaced apart horizontally andon which said bars are mounted for expansion and contraction relativelyto said supports, said panels being separated from each other byexpansion oints, and a structural steel frame in said rear wall sectionon which said supports are mounted for expansion and contrac-tionrelatively to the frame.

l2. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with a spaceseparating them, said front section including a plurality of panelslocated closely adjacent to each other and each including a horizontalcourse of refractory bricks, horizontal bars for holding said courses ofbricks in alinement in the Wall, hangers spaced apart horizontally andon Which said bars are mounted for expansion and contraction relativelyto said supports, the bricks in said courses being disengageable fromtheir respective bars by movement approximately parallel to the plane ofthe wall, courses of key bricks cooperating, respectively, with thepreviously mentioned courses of bricks to lock the latter againstdisengagement from their respective bars, said key bricks being readilyremovable from the Wall at the iire side thereof -to permit the removalof the other bricks, and a structural steel frame in said rear wallsection on which said hangers are mounted.

13. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with an airspace separating them; a structural steel frame in said rear section;hangers suspended on said frame and including upper end portionsextending across said air space, main portions located in the front wallsection and lower end portions extending across said air space andresting against said frame; a plurality of horizontal bars connectingthe members of each pair of adjacent hangers, and refractory blocks inthe front section of said wall engaging said bars and held by them inalinement in the wall at the fire side thereof.

lil. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with an airspace separating them; a structural steel frame in said rear section;hangers suspended on said frame; a plurality of horizontal barsconnecting the members of each pair of adjacent hangers, refractoryblocks in the front section of said wall engaging said bars and held bythem in alinement in the wall at the fire side thereof, and bracketssupported on said frame and associated with certain of said bars forsupporting baffle bricks in the air space between said front and rearsections.

l5. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, a structuralsteel frame in said rear section, a plurality of downwardly extendingsupports mounted on said frame in substantially horizontal alinementwith each other. a bottom bar connecting the members of eacn pair ofadjacent supports and mount ed on them, a horizontal course ofrefractory bricks supported on said bottom bar and forming part of saidfront wall section, additional courses of refractory bricks mountedabove said first mentioned course and supported by said bar, and meansfor holding said additional courses in alinement in the wall.

16. A furnace wall of the structural steel type having a front` Wallsection comprising a plurality of panels located closely adjacent toeach other, cach of said panels including a plurality of horizontalcourses of refractory bricks, horizontal supports for said respectivepanels, each support carrying the bricks of an individual panel,structural steel supports spaced apart horizontally and carrying saidhorizontal supports, and a structural steel frame on Which said supportsare mounted.

17. A furnace Wall of the structural steel type having a front Wallsection comprising a plurality of panels located closely adjacent toeach other, each of said panels including a plurality of horizontalcourses of refractory bricks, horizontal supports for said respectivepanels, each support carrying the bricks of an individual panel, hangerscarrying said horizontal supports, and a structural steel frame on whichsaid hangers are suspended.

18. A furnace Wall comprising front and rear Wall sections, said frontsection including a plurality of panels located closely ad jacent toeach other and each including horizontal courses of refractory bricks,said panels being separated from each other by eX- pansion joints,structural steel supports for said front Wall section includingstructural members located at said joints, and refractory insulatingmaterial protecting said members at said joints from the heat of thefurnace.

19. A furnace Wall comprising front and rear Wall sections, said frontsection including a plurality of panels located closely adjacent to eachother and each including horizontal courses of refractory bricks, saidpanels being separated from each other both vertically and horizontallyby expansion joints permitting expansion and contraction of the panelsboth vertically and horizontally with reference to each other,structural steel supports for said front Wall section includingstructural members located at those joints which permit horizontalexpansion of the panels, and refractory packings located in front ofsaid supports and at the inner edges of said joints for protecting saidmembers from the heat of the furnace.

OSCAR NYGAARD.

